사진/ BBC
도널드 트럼프 전 대통령이 철강 25%, 알루미늄 15% 관세를 전면 시행한다고 발표했다. 기존의 한국과 캐나다, 유럽연합(EU) 등 동맹국들에 대한 관세 면제 조항은 폐지되며, 관세는 3월 12일부터 발효될 예정이다.
트럼프는 이번 조치가 미국 철강·알루미늄 산업 보호와 국내 생산 확대를 위한 전략이라며, “미국의 철강과 알루미늄은 외국이 아닌 미국에서 생산되어야 한다” 고 강조했다.
철강관세 부과는 한국에도 막대한 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. 미국에 철강을 가장 많이 수출하는 나라는 캐나다이며 그뒤를 브라질과 멕시코가 잇는다. 미국에 4번째로 많은 양의 철강을 수출하는 나라는 한국이다. 따라서 이번 철강 25% 관세 부과는 상위 수출국에 타격을 줄 것으로 전망된다.
따라서 유럽연합과 캐나다 등 주요 교역국들은 강력히 반발하며 보복 조치를 예고했다.
우르줄라 폰 데어 라이엔(Ursula von der Leyen) 유럽연합(EU) 집행위원장 “불공정한 관세는 강력하고 비례적인 보복 조치를 초래할 것”이라며 “EU는 경제적 이익을 보호하기 위해 적극 대응할 것”이라고 밝혔다.
쥐스탱 트뤼도(Justin Trudeau) 캐나다 총리도 “캐나다 노동자와 기업을 지키기 위해 끝까지 싸울 것”이라며 “미국과의 협상을 통해 보복관세를 피하길 원하지만, 필요하면 즉각 대응”에 나선다는 입장이다.
캐나다 철강업계 로비 단체들도 관세 부과에 대해 “캐나다 정부는 즉각 미국에 보복관세를 부과해야 한다”고 주장하고 있고 캐나다 집권 자유당의 코디 블루아(Kody Blois)의원은 “미국과의 무역 관계를 축소할 방법을 모색 중”이라고 밝혔다.
트럼프 대통령의 관세 부과 발표 이후 미국내 철강업계의 주가는 상승했다. 클리블랜드-클리프스(Cleveland-Cliffs) 주가 20% 급등했으며 철강과 알루미늄 가격도 상승세를 보였다.
일부 전문가들은 트럼프 대통령의 관세 정책에 대해 “협상카드로 사용할 가능성이 크다”며 “2018년과 같은 전략으로 일부 국가들과 다시 예외조항을 협상할 것”이라고 보고있다.
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